The Writing of Stephen King Essay -- Literature, Writers

Steven King has long been known as one of the greatest authors of all time. He has been labeled "the King of Horror" and won many awards including the Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, 6 Bram Stoker awards, 6 Horror Guild awards, 5 Locus Awards, 3 World Fantasy Awards (including a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004), the 1996 O. Henry award, a Hugo Award in 1982 for the non-fiction Danse Macabre. He was given a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2003 by the Horror Writers' Association and, controversially, a Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters from the National Book Foundation in 2003. Upon giving the Medal to King the National Book Foundation said, But to every comment there is always a critc that has something negative to say, like Harold Bloom for instance who stated, Another critic, from norwaywrites.com, wrote in a similar sense talking about how Kings works are to the point of being unpublishable. He states, My senior Creative Writing professor in college, a National Book Award winning author, brought into us during a lecture on basic prose and readability a chapter excerpt from Stephen King's newest book at the time, Cell, and without telling us who wrote it asked us to read it and discuss. None of us had read the book yet, because apparently a college education is enough to scare people away from second rate penny stock fiction. We hated it. We marked it up, took it apart, rewrote it, and more or less declared it unpublishable before our professor informed us that it was in the New York Times Bestseller list and had already made more money than all of our college loans combined. He also states that his writings are atrocious and that "the Uncle Scrooge-esque money vault that he s... ...s he commits. This fact is only reinforced when Norton discovers Andy's bible in the safe. On the inside of the cover Andy writes, "Dear Warden, you were right. Salvation lay within. Andy Dufresne." As Norton opens the bible to the book of Exodus it is revealed that the bible had held Andy's rock hammer. The book of Exodus lends itself to Andy's own freeing of himself and the truth as Moses freed himself and the slaves. King implements a certain belief in a holy spirit so that it brings into the book that not necessarily everything is in our hands. By using this and the previously mentioned reference to blasphemies, King relates the story back to the reader. He shows that the main character is not someone out of the ordinary but a normal average person. This is what makes his horror novels scary and his other novels almost real, as mentioned in the opening paragraphs.

Finance and Business

Study Guide Test 1 Small Business BSMG 2410 TEST 1 REVIEW MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How a business plan can be useful. A working blueprint outlining ? nances and direction for a new start-up or expansion. Gives you something you â€Å"see†. 2. The doorways to small business ownership. There are three doorways to small business ownership. 1. Buy an existing business. 2. Buy a franchise 3. Start a new business. 3. Not one of the ten killer factors. The Ten Killer Factors for Entrepreneurs 1. Weak personality 2. The loner syndrome 3. Nebulous business ideas 4. No plan 5. Too little financial backing 6.Cash-flow troubles 7. No marketing strategy 8. No controlling 9. The wrong people 10. Underestimating the competition 4. Not one of the ten success factors. The Ten Success Factors for Entrepreneurs 1. Willingness to succeed 2. Self-confidence 3. A clear business idea 4. The Business Plan 5. Exact control of finances 6. Targeted marketing 7. A step ahead of the competition 8. Management su pport 9. Cooperation 10. Clear company structure 5. Not good advice for a budding entrepreneur. When you are the boss, you can take it easy. 6. Not one of the key points for successful entrepreneurs.Entrepreneur A visionary self-starter who loves the adventure of a new enterprise and is willing to risk his or her own money 7. Characteristics of today’s changing family. 8. Impact facts about the baby boomer generation. Baby boomers Persons born between 1946 and 1963: Increase in population: Retirement age. They will probably be your customers. Pg. 33: Baby boomers make up 70% of the population. Have a steady income. 9. Not an example of the new living arrangements. Living arrangements are changing and evolving. 10. What is accomplished by the Opportunity Selection Funnel 11.Not one of the product life-cycle stagesThe Life Cycle Stages A. Embryo B. Growth C. Mature D. Decline 12. What is included in primary research? Secondary research Reading and using previously published (pr imary) research 13. Steps in opportunity selection. Pg. 56: 1. Keep personal and business objectives in mind through the filtering process 2. Learn more about your favorite industry. 3. Identify 3 to 5 promising segments 4. Through research, identify problems that need solutions. 5. Brainstorm for solutions 6. Mesh possible solutions with your objective 7. Concentrate on the most promising opportunities. 4. What is gained by doing primary and secondary research? From my understanding, Primary and Secondary research are the difference in conducting the research. In Primary research, there is no data available for the researcher; hence the researcher has to start from scratch. This means that the researcher needs to design questionnaires, collect data from respondents and then analyses the result. If you are doing secondary research, the researcher have the necessary data available. These data are made available through other publications or reports, like newspaper or annual reports o f companies.If the researcher is doing secondary research, there is no need to start from scratch; he or she uses the data or information done by other organizations or publications. The important thing is that there are advantages and disadvantages for both methods. Primary research is more time consuming and costly. While some secondary research may not suit the researcher's needs. 15. Consider industry breakthroughs. 16. Parts of the NAICS structure. Pg. 62: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 1. Industry sector (20 major sectors) 2. Industry subsector 3. Industry group 4. Industry . U. S, Canadian, or Mexican national specific industry 17. How trade shows work. 18. How to conduct primary research. Interviews 19. How to use a matrix grid. Measurement tool with which ideas are screened and evaluated in order to ? nd solutions 20. What can be gain from market research. Collection and analysis of data pertinent to current or potential viability of a product or serv ice. Do the research up front will save you money in the long run. 21. What is included in a media kit. A media kit is a packet of information about your business that is created for use by the press.Its purpose is to provide media members with the necessary data to report on your business. Business Facts History Products/Services Bios Current News 22. Examples of target customers. Persons who have the highest likelihood of buying a product or service 23. Other things included in a media kit. Readership pro? les, and information, and market research developed by magazines for potential advertisers 24. Helpful websites in profiling target customers. www. newslink. org www. mediafinder. com www. brint. com www. sba. gov 25. What Claritas information is based on.A company providing a household segmentation tool that concisely describes and categorizes people by their age, income level, and social preferences. It is a sister company of National Decision Systems Psychographic: Descriptiv e information on values, attitudes, and lifestyles SHORT ANSWER Chapter 1: 26. Explain two (2) reasons why a business plan is critical to a small business. 27. Provide two (2) reasons for and two reasons against starting your own business. For: Job Security, in today’s economy this is one way of assure an income. You get to choose your schedule and work with flexibility- This has its benefits for sure.Being able to schedule around activities and practices and school is nice. However, it can also mean that you are working late into the evening. Just know that you have to be prepared for this! Against: It takes a lot of work. I’ve been dealing with entrepreneurs for more than 30 years now, and I’ve never seen even one of them who worked less while building a business than when he or she was an employee, or a student, or something else. Failure can cost you big time. Businesses do fail, and not always through the fault of the owner. Even good decisions have bad out comes. There are a lot of factors you can’t control.I know people whose business failure cost them their sense of self, plus their life relationships. If you can’t deal with the possibility, don’t go there. 28. Provide an advantage and a disadvantage of each of the three methods of getting into business. Starting from scratch, buying an existing business, franchise Chapter 2: 29. Explain through the use of an example what is meant by â€Å"new eyes† research. Trends, what people will be doing in the future. Helps provide feedback 30. What are the four (4) stages of a product life cycle and explain which one should be avoided. A. EmbryoB. Growth C. Mature D. Decline: you want to avoid because this means you an a downhill ride and there is no more opportunity for expanding. 31. Explain the concept of brainstorming. It refers to focusing on one subject and recording many ideas and different direction that idea takes you down so you can expand upon them in fu ture works you create. Don't be afraid to think and follow wandering thoughts. 32. Explain how the changing family could open up any two (2) possible small business opportunities. The number of grandparents raising their grandchildren has increased. Chapter 3: 3. Explain how the NASIC/SIC codes are set-up and how they can be used for gathering business information. (pg. 62) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS, pronounced Nakes) was developed as the standard for use by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the collection, analysis, and publication of statistical data related to the business economy of the U. S. NAICS was developed under the auspices of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and adopted in 1997 to replace the old Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system.It was also developed in cooperation with the statistical agencies of Canada and Mexico to establish a 3-country standard that allows for a high level o f comparability in business statistics among the three countries. NAICS is the first economic classification system to be constructed based on a single economic concept. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) was originally developed in the 1930's to classify establishments by the type of activity in which they are primarily engaged and to promote the comparability of establishment data describing various facets of the U.S. economy. 34. Explain how a matrix to mesh desires with ideas works for the entrepreneur. Chapter 4: 35. Describe how an entrepreneur can use a mass- market magazine to generate a profile of its target customers. Handouts 36. Discuss any three (3) traits from â€Å"Successful Small Businesses Share Five Traits. † 37. Discuss any three (3) points from â€Å"Getting a business of the ground is hard work. † 38. Discuss the relationship between happiness, passion, and owning a small business.

to what extent is feminism a single doctrine Essay

To what extent is feminism a single doctrine? Until the 1960s, feminism was widely regarded as a sub-set of liberalism and socialism, rather than as an ideology in its own right. Today, however, feminism can be considered a single doctrine in that all feminists subscribe to a range of ‘common ground’ beliefs, such as the existence of a patriarchal society, and the desire to change gender inequalities. Then again, it can be argued that feminism is characterised more by disagreement than consensus, as three broad traditions: liberal feminism, Marxist or socialist feminism, and radical feminism, which often contain rival tendencies, are encompassed within each core feminist theme. This essay will argue that, despite tensions between its†¦show more content†¦However, whilst each ‘strand’ of feminism views patriarchy differently, it could be argued that rather than considering patriarchy as three different entities, they are in fact each observing a diff erent angle of the problem. They are all in agreement, nevertheless, that women are indeed subordinate to men within society, and that this needs to be changed. Therefore, in terms of the core theme of patriarchy, feminism can be considered a single doctrine. Secondly, feminism can be considered a single doctrine with regard to the core goal of redefining ‘the political’. Feminists argue that sexual inequality has been preserved because the sexual division of labour within society is thought of as ‘natural’ rather than ‘political’. The ‘public sphere’ of life, comprising for example politics, careers, art and literature, has traditionally been the preserve of men, whilst women have been confined to the ‘private sphere’, centred on the family and domestic responsibilities. Women are, in this effect, excluded from politics, and therefore the question of sexual equality is an issue of little, or no, political importance. Feminists are thus united in their desire to challenge the divide between what Elshtain described as the ‘public man’ and ‘private woman’. Then again, feminists have differed in theirShow MoreRelatedThe Foundation Of Emma Watson s Career1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthis became the face of someone who challenged conformity and stereotypes. People see Emma as a very successful person as she’s established an outstanding acting career, earned a university degree and advocated a motivational campaign which brings feminism and gender equality to life for everyone to see and hopefully make a change. As well as this, she has been tackling the rights of women and empowering them to take a stand in society. Along the way, she announced she was a Feminist and says, â€Å"WhenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1320 Words   |  6 Pagesthe same rights as men. Over time, some rights have been granted to women, such as the right to vote or even to get an education, yet the voices of women in career fields dominated by men are continuously being ignored. Therefore, I question: to what extent have the rights of women in the Unit ed States of America evolved? Have the rights of women in the United States come to a â€Å"maximum† evolution? If not, then how much further do we have to go to ensure that men and women are truly equal in the UnitedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Wife Of Bath 1754 Words   |  8 PagesBecca Edmondson AP English 12 Mrs. Price Research Paper The Wife of Bath The Wife of Bath is unlike the other women of her time to some extent, yet simultaneously is a member of a certain group of individuals. Although this is taking place in the fourteenth century, surprising as it is, the Wife of Bath fits into the society through her uniqueness. In Chaucer’s tales the women of this time were not portrayed as one might imagine. Many believe the women of the fourteenth century were housewives whoRead MoreApplying A Gender Based Violence Approach Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagespredicaments. Primary research methods will integrate â€Å"participant observation and semi-structured interviews† (DeWalt and DeWalt 2002) with females victims of gender based violence (GBV) and the center staff members. This study aspires to determine what aspects lead Moroccan women to seek assistance, categories of assistance available, challenges Moroccan women face and future opportunities for recognition and socio-legal support. Results denote a lack of social support to women victim of violenceRead MorePolitical Ideologies And The Basic Philosophy Of A Community2913 Words   |  12 PagesPolitical ideologies imbed in people the attributes of a doctrine which reflects their own perceptions and abstracts their own configuration through ideas, thoughts and words. A political ideology is not a law, but it can be the driving force for the commencement of a law. There exist a large number of political ideologies but the one which I find very close to my own existence is Feminism. Definition and Description of Feminism: Feminism is a collection of ideas, thoughts, concepts, forces andRead MoreIntroduction. Eduardo Bonilla Silva Is A Professor At Duke1829 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Eduardo Bonilla Silva is a professor at Duke University where he teaches sociology. In his work, Bonilla Silva focuses on what he refers to as the new racism. The main postulate of this theory is that, instead of overt racism, which was the predominant social form in the 20th century – for example the Jim Crow laws – modern society switched to a covert form of racism shielded under the guise of color-blind, market led society. Under this theoretical framework, it is argued that whitesRead MoreAnalysis of the Mens Movement in Canada Essay2047 Words   |  9 Pagesago, its origins, and the significance that it plays in gender relations today, whether this be as a threat or a compliment to the womens movement and the advances that have been gained by means of their work. The Mens Movement, contrary to what many believe, is not a homogenous coalition of groups in pursuit of the same goals. Much like the diversity seen in the Womens Movement, there exists extensive diversity between the different mens groups and organizations that label themselvesRead MoreWhy We Work and Changing the Approach to Work2174 Words   |  9 Pageswho she liked and the trend for arranged marriage was dominant. Such behavior by man was derived from some religious doctrines and ideas presented by Darwin. Darwin had claimed that the best genes are transferred to the males as compared to the females. Ideas like these psychologically programmed the human mind that women are inferior as compared to men. Moreover religious doctrines like the Bible states that it was Eve who came under the influence of the whispers of Satan and thus ate the forbiddenRead MorePopular Culture And Music Affect U.s. Public Opinion On The Vietnam War2148 Words   |  9 PagesTo what extent did popu lar culture and music affect U.S. public opinion on the Vietnam War? I.B. Internal Assessment Chavez, Miguel History HL Port Chester High School Word Count: 2,131 May 2016 â€Æ' Table of Contents Part A: Plan of Investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Part B: Summary of evidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 4 Part C: Evaluation of sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 7 Part D: Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 9 Part E: Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read More How Do Military Hilitorians Explain War? 2430 Words   |  10 PagesHowever, works alone cannot explain the total scope of war, which means that historians take from the scholarship, and input what they deem necessary to the explanation of war. The Western experiences of war shaped the outcome of further study into warfare. Authors like Victor Davis Hanson, John Lynn, John Keegan, Martin van Creveld, and Niall Ferguson explain in detail to what extent the Western way of war is superior to any other. The goal in studying the Western way of war revolves around the

The Differences Between Peoples Attitudes Towards Gender...

In this course, Anthropology 101, Dr. Crandall has talked many things about human beings, which include differences and similarities. Films he has shown and books for the class assignments capture a fact that there are several common things to all people and several major kinds of differences between people. In addition, Dr. Crandall has taught why human beings have such similarities and why it’s universal all over the world, instead of just in the small regional area. Considering everything mentioned above, at the end of this course, it was fun to think about what appears to me to be more important, the differences or the similarities. Specific four aspects of human life and experiences—seeking for better life, cultural belief, economic status, and technology advancement—are common to all people and societies because the world is following the same path. In addition, There are also specific differences between peoples—perceptions towards gender roles, the purpose of life, unique cultural traditions, and social norms. The differences are more important than the similarities because people can learn new things from each other through sharing unique ideas and perspectives. First aspect of human life that is common to all people is that everyone is seeking for better life no matter what situation they are in. A film called How the Beatles Rocked the Kremlin shows people who were not satisfied with their lives because many things were limited or prohibited by their communismShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gender: Feminism and Masculinity1341 Words   |  6 Pagesthat men hold more negative attitudes toward homosexuality than do women. They also determined that mens attitudes toward homosexuality are particularly negative when the person being rated is a gay man rather than a lesbian. Their review of the literature also highlighted the complex nature of attitudes toward homosexuality noted by others. In order to understand the constructive attitudes of homosexuality, there are several factors that include beliefs that gay people are threatening or dangerousRead MoreHow The Housework Is Divided Among Men And Women970 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent attitudes to wards housework. However, what is even more interesting is how the attitudes have changed over time. With the development of gender issues, there are large differences between the attitudes towards housework between the men and women of the Baby Boomer Generation to the attitudes between the men and women of Generation Y; the previous generations have a traditional approach while today’s generation is more progressive. To begin, a distinction between the traditional attitudes of theRead MoreGender Relations Between Rural Areas And The West Of Iran1580 Words   |  7 PagesLeitao-Graca 4058971 SYG 2000 2 November 2015 Gender Relations in Rural Areas Summary of the Article   This paper gives a detailed analysis of a peer-reviewed sociology paper to discuss the theme in the paper, giving a summary of the article with research methods and research findings plus relevance of the paper ‘Geographical Perspective on Gender Relations in Rural Areas; a Comparative Study in North and West  of Iran’. The article ‘Geographical Perspective on Gender Relations in Rural Areas; a ComparativeRead MoreAbortion Is A Controversial Topic1097 Words   |  5 Pagescountry, influenced debates and resulted in violence (PBS.org). The polarization of public opinions among citizens concerning abortions can be related to many factors. Some factors that can polarize citizens’ public opinions towards abortion include laws, politics, religion, and gender. Laws have been established in many states to promote or hinder access to abortions. Medoff (2015) designed a study to determine if restrictive state abortion laws influenced unintended birth rates in the United StatesRead MoreGender Sensitivity Is Not About Pitting Women Against Men Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pages Gender sensitivity is not about pitting women against men. On the contrary, education that is gender sensitive benefits members of both sexes. It helps them determine which assumptions in matters of gender are valid and which are stereotyped generalizations. Gender awareness requires not only intellectual understanding and effort but also sensitivity and open-mindedness to change one’s views and limited perspectives and values. It opens up the widest possible range of life options for both womenRead MoreA Literature Review of the Popular Opinion on Abortion1651 Words   |  7 Pagesand controversial debate. It touches upon key ethical, moral, philosophical, biological, and legal issues. Opinions about abortion tend to be rooted in fundamental personal values which are unlikely to change. Many people, especially Christians, regard abortion as murder. Such people oppose abortion in varying degrees, calling their position Pro-Life. Others regard abortion as an excruciating yet critical decision that woman should be allowed to make. The debate over abortion has been a persistentRead MoreUnrealistic Expectations: Gender Roles Effects of Society1414 Words   |  6 PagesUnrealistic Expectations: Gender Roles Effects of Society â€Å"My dear boy, no woman is a genius. Women are a decorative sex. They never have anything to say, but they say it charmingly. Women represent the triumph of matter over mind, just as men represent the triumph of mind over morals.† In 1890, when Oscar Wilde wrote The Picture of Dorian Gray, the attitude towards women was nowhere close to positive. Men did not look at women with much respect and only thought of them as domestic trophy wifeRead MoreThe Concepts Of Sex And Gender1225 Words   |  5 Pagesof sex and gender define the majority of our behavior within society. The irony within this is that sex is not the same in gender. However, the way society pushes roles in gender, the difference between gender and sex is rarely noted. It isn’t just society, but the media as well that pushes for a differentiation of behaviors between the two sexes, resulting in overall social constraints as well as personal experiences that are defined by gender. The first thing is to distinguish between sex and genderRead MoreHow Gender Roles Are Predetermined by the Environment1305 Words   |  6 PagesHow gender roles are predetermined by the environment What is male? What is female? The answers to these questions everyone may depend on the types of gender roles they were exposed to as a child. Gender roles can be defined as the behaviours and attitudes expected of male and female members of a society by that society. Basically to make it clear the pattern of masculine or feminine behaviours of an individual that is defined by a particular culture and that is largely determined by a childsRead MoreTaking a Look at Gender Norms962 Words   |  4 PagesGENDER NORMS The term â€Å"gender† is often used interchangeably with â€Å"sex†. The distinction should be made between gender and biological sex. (Antai, 2012). The US Institute of Medicine in 2001 offered recommendations on these terminologies. (Wizemann Pardue 2001). They referred to sex as a classification, â€Å"generally as male or female, according to the reproductive organs and functions that derive from the chromosomal complement†. (Wizemann Pardue 2001, p.5).They also suggest that gender should

The History of the Term Academy Explained in “Academies...

The article â€Å"Academies of Art; Past and Present† by Nikolaus (1973) encompasses the history of academies in general. Beginning from the Plato’s time, the term â€Å"academy† has changed its connotations. The writing style is eloquent, yet covers the developments on the topic in every era. The writer used the article as a prologue for the reader to understand the term â€Å"academy† in order to make sense of the forthcoming chapters of the book. As the term had varied meanings, its reference in each century has different meanings and background. This summary consists of the description of the article, comments and discussion on the writing style and author’s arguments in the article. The author has discussed the evolution of the term â€Å"academy† in the†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, Renaissance and Antiquity became a synonym of university, which was used alternatively as its Latin translation ‘academy’. As Renaissance was over and was taken over by Mannerism in art, academies became more loose and informal and grew in number in Italy. Since 1540 even the associations liked to call themselves academies, which further made the understanding of its connotation complex. In Rome the academy found by Queen Christina changed the notion further as it became center of activities like reading and criticizing poetry, literature, performing drama and comedy plays. The author focused the meanings of academy getting broader. Feastings organized by peasants, lecturing, discussions and research by scholars were added aims to the academies in Italy. However the term was never used for the entire university or a school. In schools academies were re ferred as groups of students tutored privately by some noblemen. This spread in the use of academies affected the art abundantly after the Mannerism took over. Artists started to specialize in various genre of art i.e. still life, folk life, water color etc. in contrast with Renaissance academies the Mannerism academies were organized, with elaborated rules. The history of the term academy is important, as the writer emphasized, in order to

Jai Ho Free Essays

Assignment: Inverted Index October 19, 2012 1 Introduction Today, top search engines like Google and Yahoo use a data structure called Inverted Index for their matching of queries to the documents and give users the relevant documents according to their rank. Inverted Index is basically a mapping from a word to its position of occurence in the document. Since a word may appear more than once in the document, storing all the positions and the frequency of a word in the document gives an idea of relevance of this document for a particular word. We will write a custom essay sample on Jai Ho or any similar topic only for you Order Now If such an inverted index is build up for each document in the collection, then when a query is ? red, a search can be done for the query in these indexes and ranking is obtained according to the frequency. Mathematically, an inverted index for a document D and strings s1 , s2 , †¦ , sn is of the form s1 ? a1 , a1 , †¦ 1 2 s2 ? a2 , a2 , †¦ 1 2 . . . sn ? an , an , †¦ 2 1 where ak denotes the lth position of k th word in the document D. l To build up this kind of data structure e? iently, Tries are used. Tries are a good data structure for strings as searching becomes very simple here with every leaf node describing one word. To build up an inverted index given a set of documents using trie, following steps are followed †¢ Traverse one document and insert words into a trie. As a leaf node is reached, assign it a number (in increasing order) representing its location in the index (staring from 0). Add the position of this word into the index. Now for a word which occur more than once in the document, when attempt for second insertion into the trie is made, a leaf node already containing that word would be found and its value would tell the location in the index. So simply go to this index and add another position for this word. †¢ Do this till end of document is reached. Now, you have a trie and an inverted index for the ? rst document. †¢ Repeat this procedure for the rest of the documents. 1 Now follow the below steps to search for a word from the inverted indexes and tries of all the documents †¢ For every document, ? st search for the word in the corresponding trie and get its location in the inverted index of that document. †¢ Then traverse through all the positions and see which document has most frequency and arrange the documents accordingly (in decreasing order). Also, in every document there are special words called â€Å"anchor texts† which have more importance than a normal text word. For example – a download link. So for the same word, its occurence as an anchor text increases the relevance of that document over its normal occurence. 2 Problem Statement For this assignment, you need to create an inverted index for a collection C of documents from 1 to n. Every document will be a plain text ? le with ? rst line storing its id from 1 to n and next few lines containing space or new line separated words. The index should be an array of lists with size of array equal to total number of distinct words in the array and the list for each word contains the locations of the word in the document. The trie used for this construction can be represented in any form (array/linked list/trees etc. ). So you would have n such tries and inverted indexes. Then you should ask user for the queries (single-word) and give the order of documents in decreasing order of relevance. For our case, the anchor texts are represented by following the word with a ?. So if you have something like – â€Å"Rats fear cats and cats* fear dogs. † then here 1st cat is a normal word whereas 2nd cat is an anchor text. So now your array size will be 2 ? totalnumberof distinctwords in the document as you would store positions of normal text and anchor text separately for a given word. And now relevance should ? rst be decided by the frequency of anchor texts and within them collision should be resolved by frequency of normal text. D1 D2 D3 1 it is what it is 2 what is it 3 it is a banana Below are the corresponding tries and inverted indexes for the 3 documents (? gure 1). 2 Figure 1: Trie and Inverted Index for Documents 1, 2 and 3 Now if query is â€Å"it† – then search in 1st index gives – 0, 3(f req = 2), 2nd index gives 2(f req = 1) and 3rd one gives 0(f req = 1). So, our output is – 1, 2, 3or1, 3, 2 (as document 2 and 3 have equal relevance). NOTE †¢ The names of the data ? les should be taken from command line. After 3 building the inverted index, you should ask for query again from command prompt and also give an option of quitting any time the user want. †¢ The inverted indexes should be written to ? les named as â€Å"1†¦ n. txt† with each line corresponding to one word in the document. †¢ You can ignore case-sensitive words i. e. , Cat and cat are same. †¢ Also ignore symbols in the text (if any) like . ,-? 4 How to cite Jai Ho, Essay examples

Planning a Wedding on a Budget free essay sample

Planning a Wedding On a Budget Every woman wants to have the wedding of their dreams. Weddings can be very expensive. An average wedding in Bennington County, Vermont costs between $18,364 and $30,606 for a guest count of 112-126 people, and the majority of woman however do not possess the means to have such a lavish event. But there are other ways to have your dream wedding without spending much money. If you budget and shop around you can have your dream wedding. The idea of a wedding is to carry you into a happy marriage. So how do you throw an experience that you and your guests will remember for years to come, while staying within the confines of a budget? Do the math. In order to stay within your boundaries, you actually have to set a budget. Your first priority may be flowers, but you’re off to the wrong start. If you allocate money to buy them without first determining how much you can spend on the occasion, including engagement ring, honeymoon and everything in between. Once you’ve put a cap on spending, evaluate your priorities. Many couples make the mistake of not creating a buffer of about ten percent of the overall budget in case unexpected expenses occur. Traditionally the brides’ family pays for the wedding ceremony and the reception. The grooms’ family is typically responsible for the rehearsal dinner. In today’s society more and more couples are paying for their own wedding. Others split all costs, designating specific duties to each part of the family. Establish with the families who will pay for what. Find out how much they are willing to spend, to adjust your budget properly. The first thing you should do is make out your guest list. This will be a key factor in several aspects of planning the wedding. One guest could change the overall cost of a wedding by an average of $206. When making out a guest list, keep in mind that only about two-thirds of the invited guest will attend the ceremony or reception even less will attend both. The number of guest you invite will determine the costs involved with the invitations, venue of both the ceremony and reception (some charge extra for additional people over a certain number), the favors, food, and whether or not you will have an open bar. Keep in mind that the amount of guests on your list can be modified at anytime in order to stay within the confines of your budget. After you decide how many guest you are going to invite, it is time to pick a date. You should have a few dates in mind incase the venue you want isn’t available on the exact date you want. If you do not have your heart set on a specific venue, you can choose a specific date and have a few more choices on where you want to be married. The time of year you choose to get married will also impact your budget. Peak season for weddings is during the summer, prices are typically higher this time of year. Most places will give discounts for planning the event during the winter months. The average cost of the venue, catering and rentals is between $5,491 and $9,151. If you are looking for the best of everything the cost could go as high as $14,642. Changing a few things could cut your cost to be as low as $1,500 $2,500. When looking at churches or a Bed and Breakfast for the ceremony, be sure there is adequate seating for the number of guests you are inviting, as well as, sufficient parking and bathrooms that will efficiently accommodate the amount of attending guests. Also find out any rules or stipulations the venue may have. At some churches they require you to take marriage classes; this will allow the priest or minister to determine if you are fit to be married. If you have the ceremony in a church, you will need a separate venue for the reception. This is an extra cost. Most venues will require a down payment of at least 25 percent of their total cost. Planning on having a toast of Champaign at the reception? Check with the venue, to make sure they have a liquor license. To avoid all hassle you can always ask family members or friends that have a large yard to have the wedding at their house. Offer the person, in which you use their land, some money for the amount of electricity you will use. If you are having an outside wedding do you need tables, chairs and tents, someplace to cook the food? Get your tables and chairs from a local firehouse or church, donate $25 to $100 for the use of the furniture. As for a bathroom, rent portable bathrooms which will cost around $100 per unit. Who will cook the food? If you decide to hire a caterer, meet with him/her. Ask yourself questions, does he/she look like someone I would trust enough to eat their food? Are they clean? Ask for a tasting. Reputable caterers will set up a time to cook samples for you. Be sure they will cook the type of food you want. Find out if they have a portfolio of events they have catered. Call their references. Want to save money on the catering? Ask your family to each cook a dish from your menu to have a large buffet style dinner. Pay for the food that everyone will be cooking, which the cost will depend on the amount of guests that RSVP. The rehearsal dinner is meant for the wedding party and parents of the bride and groom, to celebrate the upcoming day. The type of dinner is up to the bride and groom. Choosing something simple such as pizza or a homemade dinner is a great way to save a little money. But some people would rather celebrate in style by going out to a reputable restaurant. Either way you choose, it is a great way to enjoy family, have some laughs, and de-stress before the big day. By now you would have chosen either a church for the ceremony or an outside wedding. With a church wedding you will have chosen that place knowing who the priest or minister is that will be marrying you. If you are having an outdoor ceremony, you have the option to choose a member of the Justice of the Peace, a Judge or Rabbi. All members charge differently. I personally paid $75 to an old friend of my husbands family (who was a member of the Justice of the Peace) to marry us. We were able to be married by someone we knew and trusted. Now that you have decided on when, where and how many guests you are going to invite, its time to pick out your invitations. The invitations you choose is what is going to represent the overall look of your wedding. Online has many options when choosing a theme. The cost can range from $382 to $636, unless you want designer invitations then it can range anywhere from $764 to $1,018.